Superheater.



P. THOMSEN.

SUPERHEATER. APPLICATION mgm oc. 12,1914.

Patenfd May18,1915.

WWA/5885s Y TTNTTED TATE@ PATENT @FETCH PETER THOMSEN, O3?CASSEL-WIL-HELMSHHE, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SCHlVIIDTSCI-IEHEISSDAMPF-GESELLSCHAFT Mf B. H., 0F CASS L-W'ILHELMSHHE,v(rliEt-LVIANY,

CORPORATION OF GER-MANY.

SUPERHEATER.

Patented May 18., 1915.

Application led October 17, 1914. Serial No. 867,092. p

T0 all 107mm it may concern Be it known that lI, PETER THoMsEN, a

subject of the King of Prussia, Emperor of j Germany, and residing atCassel-l/Vllhelmshhe, Germany, have invented certain new and usefulVImprovements in Superheaters, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to superheaters especially applicable to fire tubeboilers, having saturated steam headers situated above the fire-tubes,and superheated steam headers laterally disposed with respect thereto,and is more particularly applicable to locomotives. In knownconstructions of superheaters in which the distributing and collectingheaders of the super-heater are arranged in the smoke boX above the firetubes, steam pipes of lcomparatively large diameter lead from thecollecting headers to the engine cylinders. Owing to the difference inexpansion of these steam pipes and the boiler walls great stresses areintroduced at the junction of the steam pipes with one another, and withthe distributing and collecting headers,y and also at the junctionof theheaders and the boilers walls, so that leakage through failure of thejoints is liable to take place at these points. Subsequent re-jointingsat such points are generally difficult to accomplish owing to theobstructions in the s moke box. Further, as the headers are subjectedboth to the temperatures of saturated `and superheated steam'the unequalexpansions resulting therefrom cause the materlal of which the headersare composed to be unduly strained. In known constructions of ysuperheaters having satura-ted and superheated steam headers, situatedlaterally with respect to the fire tubes, the same disadvantages aregenerally presente.

The object of my present invention is to render the interior of thesmoke boX more accessible than has hitherto been the case, and toconstruct a superheater in Asuch a manner as to obviate thedisadvantages arising from the differential expansion of the parts ofthe. superheater and of the boiler which come in contact with superheated steam, saturated steam, and water respectively, the arrangementbeing such that the several superheater elements or rows of elements areeasilyaccessible.

' According to the present invention the saturated steam distributingheader is arranged above the fire tubes, while on each side thereof asuperheated steam collecting header is disposed. The superheaterelements are arranged in vertical rows so that the ends of the rows ofelements nearest to the superheated steam headers open into them atapproximately the level of the lowest tire tubes provided withsuper-heater ytubes, while the 'ends of the rows of elements situatedmore remote open into the headers at lower levels, the arrangement beingsuch that, Viewed from the smoke box door, no single row of elements isobscured by another row. Each row of elements is, 1n the presentconstruction entirely independent of the other rows, which is of greatimportance in erecting and also when it becomes necessary to replacedamaged elements. This feature is of considerable practical importance,as in'superhe-aters in which the saturated steam header is arrangedabove and the super-heated steam headers are arranged at both sides ofthe fire box the ends of the superheater elements cross one another, andthe removal of some of the elements necessitates the withdrawal of theelements which are situated in front of them.

A further advantage arising from the use of my invention resides in thefact that the junction of the superheater tubes and the headers isvisible and easily accessible, while the risk of leakage at suchjunctions is reduced toa minimum, owing to the elasticity of thesuperheater elements arising fromA the length of bends .with which' theyare provided. In superheaters constructed according to my invention, itcan be easily attained that the saturated steam distributing header aswell as the superheated steam' collecting header or headers are situatedsubstantially outside the smoke boX. For instance, by utilizing thefront tube plate of the boiler the saturated steam header may beaccommodated in the steam space of the boiler, and the superheated steamheader or headers may be accommodated in suitable apertures in the smokebox wallso that they are situated wholly or partly outside the smokebox.

In this arrangement junctions of large and rigid pipes are entirelyobviated in the smoke boX.

Referring now to the accompanying draw ings which illustrate myinvention: Figure longitudinal section'on the line 2 2 of Fig.

1,; Figs. 3 and fl are corresponding views of a modification.

In carrying the invention into .effect ac,-

coi-ding to one form, a header c is arranged in the smoke box ft,horizontally above the fire tubes and in front of the-tube plate b, theheader being adapted to receive saturated steam from the boiler. e inwhich the superheater elements d are disposed are arranged in sevenvertical rows, each of which contains .three tire tubes.- In the lowerhalf of the smoke box two superheated. steam collectingrheaders f arearranged, in which the superheated steam coming from the superheaterelements is collected, and from which it is conveyed to the cylinders ofthe engine. The collecting headers are arranged vertically and theirlower halves which project through the smoke box are providedwith'tlanges, g, to

which the steam pipes leading to the engine cylinders are connected. Thecollecting headers are also provided with flanges to which a pipeinterconnecting the headers may be bolted. By means of `thisinterconnection the steam of the entire superheater system is led toeach cylinder, and the area of the steam superheating surface may bemade relatively small.

The ends of` the superheater elements d projecting from the fire tubes eare bent toward the steam headers in such a manner that the ends of eachvertical row of elements receiving saturated steam are situated in avertical plane.' The ends of the elements receiving'the saturated steamopenv A into an intermediate steam chest 7c which is itself detachablyconnected to the saturated steam header. The ends of the elements whichlead the superheated steam to the superheated steam headers are arrangedin a horizontal plane, and are expanded into a common flange j by meansot" which they are attached tothe superheate'd steam header.

The ends of those vertical rows of elements conveying superheated steamwhich are situated nearest the superheated steam headers are situatedapproximately on a level with the lowest fire tubes, while simi.

lar ends of those rows of elements which are situated more .remote arearranged in succession at lower levels. In this arrangement each singlevertical row-of elements can be withdrawn separately Without affectingthe others, While the fire tubes, vthe superheater elements andu thejoints of both `are easily accessible. Further, the superheaterelements. have great elasticity owing to 'the The irev tubes length ofbends with which they are proy vided. The arrangement is suchthat it isnot possible for Water pockets to be formed in the superheater elements.

The example o f my invention shown in Figs. 3 and 4 differs from thatabove described in that the header receiving the l saturated steam,instead of being situated in the smoke box, is arranged in the steamvspace of the boiler. The header is made of steel, the shell of theboiler and the tube plate being utilized in its construction. Thesaturated steam is led to this header through a pipe (not shown)connected to the flange m. The ends of the superheater elements whichreceive the saturated steam are formed with a double bend, and arebroughtup horizontally to the tube plate. Each opens separately anddirectly into the steam header, as do also the ends ofthe superheaterelements which convey the superheated steam. -Each element of a row canvbe removed singly, the top row being first removed, then the middle rowand lastly the bottom row.A Both ends of each tube .are attached bymeans of a common iange z' and a screw to the respective steam header. iThe superheated steam headers, which in the example shown are situatedpartly inside and partly outside the smoke box, may also be arranged soas to be situated entirely outside., This latter arrangement renders theinterior` of the smoke box more accessibleand may -be adopted withadvantage in cases where space is limited. In those cases in which thesmoke box is large, the headers may be arranged entirely inside. Insteadof attaching the ends of the superheater elements conveying superheatedsteam, to the 'superheater steam headersfrom which the su erheated steamis after` Ward led to the sli e valve chests of the engine, the ends ofthe superheater elements may be attached directly to the valve chests,

vf-Without departing Jfrom the scope of my invention. In such a case theends of the superheater elements pass through the smoke box Wall whichis provided with suitable packing arrangements at these points for thepurpose of preventing the entrance of air into the smoke box. v

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention `and what manner' the' same is to be performed, I claim:

l. A steam superheater for fire tube boilers consisting of a saturatedsteam header steam headers disposed laterally thereto, and ofsuperheaterv elements adapted to be inserted into the upper horizontaliire tube rows, and arranged in vertical rows, the elements of eachvertical row terminating in -the superheated steam header in such a Waythat the ends of the elements of the row located 'above the re tubes,superheated nearest to the superheated steam header open into them atthe same level With the lowest lire tube row containingsuperheatingelements while the rows of elementsniore remote open at lower levels.

f2. A steam superheater for ire tube boilers in combination with theusual tube sheet,

.elements of the row nearest to the superheated steam header open intothem at the same level with the lowest lire tube row coiitainingsuperheating elements While the rows -of elements more remote open atlower levels. y

3. A steam superheaterfor ire tube boilers in combination with theusual' tube sheet,

consisting of a saturated steam header located above the fire tubes andextending across said tube sheet, of superheated steam headers arrangedon both ends of the' saturated steam header, perpendicularlv thereto butspaced apart therefrom, each of said superhe'ated steam headers providedwith a tace perpendicular to the tube sheet and of superlieater elementsin the upper horizontal liretube rows arranged in vertical rows, theelements of each vertical row' terminating in said faces in such a waythat the ends of the elements of the row nearest to the superheatedsteam header open into them at the same level with the lowest lire tuberow containing superheating elements while the rows of elements moreremote open at lower levels. p

4. A steam superhcater for lire tube boilers parts of which are adaptedto be.

inserted into the smoke box in'front of the tube sheet, consisting of a`saturated-steam header located above the lire tubes and eX- tendinglacross the smoke box, of superheated steam headers arranged on both endsof the saturated steam header spaced apart therefrom, partly locatedinside andl partly outside the smoke box, each of the superheated steamheaders provided with a face perpendicular to the tube sheet and ofsuperheater elements adapted to be inserted into the upper horizontaltire tube rows and arranged in vertical rows the elements of -eaclivertical row terminating in the superheated steam header in such a waythat the ends of the elements of the rownearest to the superheated steamheader open into them at the same level with the lowest fire tube rowcontaining superheating elements while the rows of elements more remoteopen at lower levels.

5. A steam superheater for fire tube boilers parts of which are adaptedto be inserted into the smoke box in front of the tube sheet, consistingof a header for saturated steam located in the steam space of theboiler, of superheated steam headers on each side of the smoke box,provided with a face perpendicular to the tube sheet and of superheaterelements adapted to be inserted into the upper horizontal fire tube rowsand arranged in vertical rows the elements of each vertical rowterminating in the superheated'steam header in such a way that the l'ends of the elements of the row nearest to the superheated steam headeropen into them at the same level with the lowest re tube row containingsuperheating elements while the rows of elements more remote open atlower levels.

t3. A steam superheater for fire tube boilers consisting of a header forsaturated steam, of superheated steam headers arranged on both ends ofthe first-named header but spaced apart therefrom, of superheatingelements `adapted to be inserted into the upper horizontal re tube rowsand arranged in vertical rows, the elements of each vertical rowterminating in the superheated steam header in the same order as in thesaturated steam header, in such a way that the ends of the elements ofthe row nearest to the Y superheate'd steam header open into them at thesame` level with the lowest fire tube row containing superheatingelements while the rows of the more remote elements open at lowerlevels.' y

k7. A steamV header for fire tube boilers provided with a smoke boX,consisting of a header for saturated steam located .in the steam spaceof the boiler, of superheated steam headers onboth sides of the smokebox extending partly outside thereof, and of superheating elementsadapted to be inserted in the upper horizontal tire tube rows andarranged in vertical rows, all the elements belongingto one superheatedsteam header bent to enter their respective fire tubes on the same sideand leaving it at the other side, the elements. of each vertical rowterminating in the superheated steam header in the same order as in thesaturated steaml header, in such a way that the ends of the elements ofthe -row nearest the superheated steam header open into them at the samelevel with thellowestV fire tube row containing superheatingg;v elementswhile the rows of the more remote elements open at lower levels.

8. A steam `superlieater for fire tube boilers .consisting of asaturatedv steam headerV located above the re tubes, superheated steamheaders disposed laterally thereto, of superheater elements adaptedvtomote open at lower levels, and of flanges be -inserted into the uppervhorizontall fire adapted to connect all theelements of a yertube rowsand arranged in vertical rows the tical row to the superheated steamheader. elements of, each Vertical row terminating In testimony whereof,I have hereunto set 5 in the superheated steam header in such a my handin the presence of two subscribing 15 Way that theends of the elementsof the row w1tnesses. nearest the superheated Steam header open PETERTHOMSEN. l into them at the same level with the lowest Witnesses: l retube row containin superhatng elev CARL MoLL, 10 ments Awhile the rows o'elements more re- CARL VOLLAND.

